🇩🇪Europe

Medical Device Regulation in Germany

Germany is the largest medical device market in Europe and regulates devices under the EU Medical Device Regulation (EU MDR 2017/745). The Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) is the national competent authority. Germany is home to numerous EU notified bodies and has a robust national implementation of EU MDR through the Medical Devices Implementation Act (MPDG).

FrameworkEU Medical Device Regulation (MDR) 2017/745; EU In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (IVDR) 2017/746; German Medical Devices Implementation Act (Medizinprodukte-Durchführungsgesetz – MPDG); German Medical Devices EU Adjustment Act (MPEUAnpG)
Classification systemClass I / Class IIa / Class IIb / Class III
Primary agencyBfArM
RegionEurope
References tracked2
Updates this year8

Sources Tracked by Qalico

Qalico continuously monitors 2 references across guidelines, regulations, and standards for Germany.

Guidelines

BfArM2 refs

Device Classification

Class IClass IIaClass IIbClass III

Germany follows the EU MDR risk-based classification. Class I devices are low risk (e.g., compression bandages, hospital beds). Class IIa devices are low-moderate risk (e.g., diagnostic ultrasound, powered wheelchairs). Class IIb devices are moderate-high risk (e.g., dialysis machines, surgical lasers). Class III devices are high risk (e.g., drug-eluting coronary stents, cochlear implants). Classification is determined by Annex VIII of EU MDR.

Official classification guidance →

Standards & Key Principles

Applicable Standards

ISO 13485:2016 – Quality Management Systems for Medical DevicesISO 14971:2019 – Risk Management for Medical DevicesIEC 60601-1 – Medical Electrical Equipment SafetyEN ISO 10993 – Biological Evaluation of Medical DevicesEN 62304 – Medical Device Software Lifecycle ProcessesDIN EN ISO 13485 – German Adoption of ISO 13485DIN EN ISO 14971 – German Adoption of ISO 14971

Key Principles

  • Medical devices must bear the CE mark under EU MDR 2017/745 to be placed on the German market.
  • The German MPDG provides national implementation rules supplementing EU MDR, including penalties and enforcement mechanisms.
  • Notified body involvement is mandatory for devices of Class IIa and above.
  • Non-EU manufacturers must appoint an EU-based authorized representative.
  • Germany enforces strict post-market surveillance and vigilance requirements through BfArM.
  • Clinical evaluations and clinical investigations must comply with both EU MDR and German ethical review requirements.

Pre-Market Requirements

CE Marking and Conformity Assessment

Devices must comply with EU MDR 2017/745 and obtain CE marking. Notified body assessment is required for Class IIa, IIb, and III devices. Germany hosts several major notified bodies including TÜV SÜD, TÜV Rheinland, and DEKRA.

Technical Documentation

Comprehensive technical documentation per EU MDR Annexes II and III must be maintained, covering design, manufacturing, risk management, preclinical and clinical evidence.

Clinical Evaluation

Clinical evaluations per EU MDR Article 61 are mandatory. Clinical investigations in Germany require BfArM authorization and ethics committee approval under the MPDG.

EUDAMED and National Registration

Registration in EUDAMED is required. Additionally, manufacturers may need to fulfill national registration requirements with BfArM's DMIDS system.

Post-Market Requirements

Post-Market Surveillance

A comprehensive PMS system is required per EU MDR. PSURs are mandatory for Class IIa, IIb, and III devices. PMS plans must be maintained and updated.

Vigilance and Incident Reporting

Serious incidents must be reported to BfArM within EU MDR timelines. Field safety corrective actions and field safety notices must be coordinated with BfArM.

Post-Market Clinical Follow-Up

PMCF studies must be conducted to continuously validate clinical performance and safety. PMCF evaluation reports are integrated into the clinical evaluation report.

Market Surveillance by Authorities

German state (Länder) authorities conduct market surveillance and inspections of manufacturers and distributors, coordinated through the ZLG framework.

International Recognition & Reliance

European Union

CE-marked devices conforming to EU MDR are freely marketed across all EU/EEA member states.

Switzerland

CE-marked devices from EU member states are recognized under the Swiss-EU MRA with applicable conditions.

Stay on top of regulatory changes in Germany

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